Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Through Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes

The objective of this study was to expand published findings to the removal of twenty PPCPs commonly found in the influent of full-scale treatment facilities operating in the United States. The six selected facilities cover operating SRT conditions ranging from 0.5 to 30 days and include facility capacities in excess of 300 mgd. The results demonstrate a wide distribution in both the occurrence of these compounds in the influent to secondary treatment processes and the percentage removal achieved through secondary treatment. The twenty PPCPs were categorized into nine bin combinations of occurrence and treatment reduction. While a large number of these compounds were well removed, one in particular (galaxolide) occurred frequently and was resistant to removal. A minimum critical SRT, defined in this study as the minimum time needed to consistently demonstrate greater than 80 percent removal (SRT80), was determined for the twenty target compounds. SRT80 was compound-dependent with most compounds consistently removed at 5 to 15 days.